The Functions of Informative Speaking
Informative speaking is defined by its function. In the same speech, you might introduce yourself, provide information, urge action, and celebrate values. But if your main purpose is to share knowledge, then we call the speech informative.
Sharing knowledge can be vital in four ways. First, informative speaking can empower listeners by giving them new ideas and increasing their competence. Second, informative speaking can shape listener perceptions. Third, informative speaking can help set the agenda of public concerns. finally, informative speaking can clarify options for action.
Sharing Information and Ideas
An informative speech gives to listeners rather than asks of them. The demands on the audience are relatively low. As an informative speaker, you want enthusiastic attention from your listeners. You want them to understand and use what you tell them, but you do not try to make them change values or enact reforms. For example, one student speaker gave an informative speech in which she revealed the dangers of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, but she did not urge her audience to boycott tanning salons. Although informative speaking makes modest demands on the listener, the demands on the speaker are high. Good informative speakers must have a thorough understanding of their subject. It is one thing to know something well enough to satisfy yourself. It is quite another to know it well enough to assume the responsibilities of communication.
By sharing information, an informative speech reduces ignorance. An informative speech does not simply repeat something the audience already knows. Rather, the informative value of a speech is measured by how much new and important information or understanding it provides the audience. As you prepare your informative speech, ask yourself the following questions:
Is my topic significant enough to merit an informative speech?
What do my listeners already know about my topic?
What more do they need to know?
Do I have sufficient understanding of my topic to help others understand
it better?
The answers to these questions should help you plan a speech with high informative value.
In informative speaking, the speaker functions basically as a teacher. To teach people effectively, you must arouse and sustain their attention by adapting your message to their interests and needs. You must make listeners aware of how important the new information is. When you have finished, they should feel enriched by the communication transaction.
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